However, in the tonal signal model (1), a noise term is also present, hence the solution to the LP estimation problem will be a compromise of attenuating the tonal components, while increasing (or maintaining) the flatness of the noise spectrum.
When the structure with thin walls formed by paper is loaded, the shape of deformation is different from that of the metal, wall swells and does not maintain its flatness.
To maintain membrane flatness during filtration, the membrane is supported by a porous plastic disk (Porex Corporation, Fairburn, GA).
The coronagraph implementation specifies that each segment maintains an overall flatness better than 10 nm RMS, irrespective of segment angle.
The objectives maintain superb image flatness throughout the field of view and long working distances supported by a focus lock to prevent objectives and specimens from damage.
Here, in order to maintain the spectral flatness of A norm k), the LF spectrum is uniformly divided into 14 sub-bands in the frequency scale and each LF sub-band contains N subband = 16 frequency bins.
They tend to curl up some as they dry, so it's important to flatten them gently between two plates to maintain a uniform flatness.
However, the large-size sapphire substrate is challenging to manufacture due to difficulties in precise drilling of c-plane sapphire from Kyropoulos boules while maintaining accurate crystal orientation and flatness with increasing diameter [1, 2].
In other words, referring to the analysis in Section 3, the requirements of having the PEF zeros on the unit circle at angles (for cancelling the tonal components) and uniformly distributed on the unit circle (for maintaining the LP residual spectral flatness) are both fulfilled with the PLP model in (46).
Surface conditions such as hydrophilicity on the nanocarbon film electrode can be controlled by electrochemical treatments while maintaining the wide potential window and surface flatness, and, therefore, in measurements of various biomolecules including oxidatively damaged DNA and oligonucleotides, their adsorption onto the electrode surface is suppressed.
