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Finally, it is also possible that transcriptional inhibition is only important for TAp63 α, which monitors the genetic stability of oocytes, and not for ΔNp63 α's role in maintaining epithelial stem cells.
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In epithelial stem cells, REST binds to the promoter of several pluripotency genes, including Nanog, Sox-2 and Oct4, but is not required to maintain epithelial stem cell pluripotency.
In the epidermis, Rac 1 was found not to be crucial for maintaining epithelial integrity but for stem cell differentiation, presumably via negative regulation of c-Myc expression (Benitah et al. 2005; Chrostek et al. 2006).
Similar to endothelial cells, epithelial cells' AJs contribute to maintaining epithelial barrier integrity (Mezzano et al., 2014).
Vitamin A is essential in maintaining epithelial cells, preventing atrophy and keratinization of epithelial tissues.
BMP antagonists, notably GREM1, are expressed in the mesenchyme at the crypt base, restricting BMP activity, potentiating Wnt signaling, and maintaining the epithelial stem cell compartment.
Peptide coated silicon hydrogels were able to maintain limbal epithelial stem cell fraction and support epithelial sheet growth.
In vertebrates, the epidermis is maintained by epithelial stem cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation.
Due to the high turnover of TECs recently reported [77], loss of the capacity of progenitor populations to maintain epithelial homeostasis then may contribute to the thymic degeneration observed, regardless of whether these progenitors represent true stem cells or simply less mature TEC subsets with the capacity to proliferate and maintain adult TEC microenvironments.
The surrounding cells reorganize to form a multicellular junction that maintains epithelial continuity.
Thus, repression of FGF signaling by local Wnt signals may be an additional mechanism for local control of differentiation-during lung development, a Wnt signaling center in the proximal lung epithelium may inhibit alveolar differentiation by inhibition of mesenchymal FGF signaling, to maintain a bronchial epithelial stem cell niche.
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