"Maintaining physical fitness is likely to stave off cognitive decline, and maintaining cognitive fitness and activities can also help forestall physical decline," he said.
Do you think that it helped to maintain cognitive demand?
In this review, acute FEM patients substantially differed from HCs on all but one measure (failure to maintain set) of the cognitive flexibility task (WCST).
The categories number of trials administered, total number of correct answers, total number of errors, number of perseverative responses, number of perseverative errors, number of categories completed, number of trials to complete the first category, and failure to maintain set were considered for analyzing gains related to cognitive flexibility in the present study.
These effects have been found on the performance tasks that demand sustained processes such as maintaining a cognitive set, but not in processes related to cognitive flexibility.
All measures of cognitive flexibility improved in posttest except for failure to maintain set.
This theory proposes that tonic stimulation of cortical D1 receptors stabilizes and maintains relevant information, while phasic stimulation of striatal D2 receptors underlies "cognitive flexibility", such as updating and manipulating information [ 2, 12].
A potential confounding variable for cognitive flexibility in acute mania was premorbid intelligence, with a significant relationship identified for all WCST measures besides failure to maintain set.
In comparison, a recent meta-analysis of 12 studies on cognition in first-episode bipolar disorder in adults by Lee et al. (2014) found deficits of medium to large effect for processing speed, cognitive flexibility and attention and working memory, with smaller effects identified for deficits in verbal learning and memory and ability to maintain set and verbal fluency.
A key to cognitive flexibility.
