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24(S -hydroxycholesterol (24S -hydroxycholesterolmatically produced in the brain, has an important role in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis.
CYP46A1 in mammals is a brain-specific cholesterol-metabolizing enzyme, important for maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis and membrane function, but also with potential regulatory roles as a neurosteroid-metabolizing enzyme [ 51].
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Maintaining brain Cu homeostasis is vital for normal brain function.
Therefore adequate glucose supply is crucial to maintain brain function.
Both metabolize circulating amines to maintain brain homeostasis.
Billions of neurons maintain brains electric charge.
Earlier studies of the Cyp46a1−/− mouse revealed a reduction in de novo cholesterol synthesis in brain and indicated that brain cholesterol homeostasis is maintained via reduced biosynthesis rather than via up-regulation of an alternative metabolising enzyme [6].
The brain contains about 20% of whole body cholesterol, brain cholesterol is deeply involved in synapse development, synapse formation, dentrite differentiation, axonal elongation, and long-term potentiation.
This review will seek to integrate current knowledge about the brain cholesterol metabolism with molecular mechanisms.
The majority of brain cholesterol accumulates between the perinatal period and adolescence when neurons are encircled by myelin.
As the blood brain barrier prevents cholesterol translocation between the brain and the circulation, brain cholesterol is locally synthesized, and its levels are not affected by dietary cholesterol.
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