Cultures were maintained on 75 cm flasks incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
All dauer assays were performed at 25°C with worms maintained on 3.5 cm diameter plates containing 2 mL of dauer larva formation assay agar [ 19].
To produce GRP78-expressing retroviruses, 293 T cells (CRL-11268™, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were seeded and maintained on 6-cm dishes at a density of 400,000 cells·cm-2 in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 24 h prior to transfection.
C2C12 myoblasts were used between passages 6 and 9. Cells were maintained on 20-cm tissue culture dishes in growth medium (GM) consisting of DMEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin and 4 mM L-glutamine.
Groups of 500 newly-emerged mosquitoes were transferred to cylindrical screened paper cartons (20 cm high and 18 cm diameter) and maintained on 5% sugar solution and water through the gauze on the top.
For REMSD, individual rats were maintained on a 6.5-cm diameter platform surrounded by water.
To rule out nonspecific effects, another group of control rats was maintained on large (13-cm diameter) platform (LPC) surrounded by water i.e. except for larger-platform diameter, all other conditions remained identical to that of the experimental animals.
All strains were maintained at 20°C on 5 cm NGM agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli OP50 as food source (Sulston and Hodgkin, 1988).
All strains were maintained at 20°C on 5 cm NGM agar plates seeded with E. coli OP50 as food source (Sulston and Hodgkin, 1988).
Thereafter, rats were individually housed in translucent plastic cages (51×25×22 cm) and maintained on a 12-hr light/dark cycle (lights on at 0800 hr) with food and water ad libitum.
