However, some cells that escape from retinoic acid action maintain migration capability and invasiveness and express doublecortin.
Nutrients in the milk, particularly the fat, could be acting to prevent the EAEC from associating with the intestinal cells thus allowing them to maintain migration.
However, HG and mannitol did not influence HMEC-1 cell migration when cells were maintained in migration assay for 36 h.
This provides further evidence that AIV infection is not maintained during migration (33 ), although studies in Europe have shown that ducks can carry AIVs during migration (2 ).
The rest maintained seasonal migration with their herds, relying on the 'settled' elite Fulani to ensure right of passage and access to pasture.
It should be kept in mind however, that the computational algorithms used for the demographic modeling are designed for models involving an ancestral population which split and maintained constant migration rate among the two daughter populations.
Subsequently, JAK/STAT signaling is actively maintained during migration (Silver et al. 2005).
An inversion harbouring locally adapted alleles will go to fixation unless a polymorphism is maintained by migration or balancing selection.
Similar to Nanos2 −/− mice, PGC specification occurred in Nanos3 −/− mice, although the PGCs were not maintained during migration (24).
In all cases, ClpT1 and the Hsp100 chaperones remained soluble and maintained their migration profile after the ultrafiltration experiments (Additional file 3: Figure S3).
