The most important thing Ewers and his team are trying to discover is what additional wildlife they can maintain in forest fragments, and what impact the scale and distribution of those fragments will have on biodiversity levels.
MPXV is thought to be maintained in wild rodents in the rain forests of Central and West Africa, causing sporadic human outbreaks in remote villages probably as a result of direct cutaneous contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals [2] [5].
We propose that suitable habitat is maintained in large areas of primary forest, which are located at longer distances from deforested patches with relatively gentle topography.
Landowners who entered the program had to sign a commitment to maintain the forest area in a portion of their property, but were allowed to make changes to land use in other parts of their property.
The Forest Service's program in the Tongass already operates at a deficit of about $30 million a year, meaning that the federal government pays that much more to build roads and maintain the forest than it takes in from timber companies, which grind most of the trees to a pulp that is sold for export.
In Africa, CHIKV is believed to be maintained in a sylvatic transmission cycle between forest dwelling mosquitoes and wild non-human primates such as vervet monkeys or baboons [ 2, 3].
In South America, YFV is maintained in enzootic cycles involving monkeys and forest-canopy mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes (6, 7 ).
One-year old jack pine (Pinus banksiana) from the "Prince Albert West" seedlot were obtained from Forest First, SK and maintained in a growth chamber at the University of Alberta.
Our results suggest that aggregate retention patches provide breeding quality habitat to a large group of forest species; however, the patches are not equivalent to intact forest suggesting that intact forest should be maintained in landscapes.
A highly developed forest industry based on intensive forest utilization is maintained in boreal Scandinavian countries and Finland.
