Water voles were collected from the captive breeding establishments on 30/04/07 and 02/05/07, respectively, and maintained in captivity pre-release in specialist facilities in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford.
Consequently, even if levels of neutral genetic diversity can be sufficiently maintained in captivity, caution must be exercised in interpreting such data for risk assessment and the ability of captive breeding programs to maintain fitness, a subject treated in detail in the next section.
As a first step, we trained monkeys to associate relatively novel sounds, including animal vocalizations, with images that were also considered novel for monkeys maintained in a captive environment.
Indeed, such a spill-over event has already been recorded for transfer of Bd from Xenopus gilli to the Mallorcan Midwife Toad, Alytes muletensis, maintained in the same captive-breeding facility (Walker et al., 2008).
Release or escape of captive animals (maintained in lab populations and/or as pets) has led to spread of X. laevis in 4 continents in the past half century.
Common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were captive-bred and maintained in a closed colony that has been self-sustaining since 1973.
Animals were captive-bred common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), maintained in a closed self-sustaining colony since 1973.
Animals were captive-bred common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), maintained in a colony that has been self-sustaining since 1973.
Anopheles mosquitoes can be difficult breeders in captivity, but Paul Howell and Alice Sutcliffe at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases−funded Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4; http://www.mr4.org/) were able to generate subcolonies from single-pair matings for nine of the 12 of the species in this project maintained as captive colonies by MR4.
A minimum of 20 founder lines represented by at least 225 individuals is being maintained by captive breeding and recorded in a studbook for the species by Tandora Grant of the San Diego Zoo's Center for Conservation and Research for Endangered Species (CRES).
