The fact that transient expression of the OCT4 and SOX2 proteins is sufficient to reestablish sustained OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG gene expression explains the experimental observation that transient retroviral gene expression is needed to establish to reprogrammed state, yet pluripotency is maintained by sustained endogenous gene expression [32], [33], [35], [37].
Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the lethal Ca2+ plateau may be maintained by sustained Ca2+ influx via depolarized NMDA receptors (Norris et al., 2006).
The first model hypothesizes that the representation of the first stimulus is maintained by the sustained firing of stimulus-selective cells through a trace interval (Solomon et al., 1986).
Indeed, it is now possible to achieve remission in the majority of children with even the more severe polyarticular-onset forms of this disease, although sustained periods without clinical disease can currently be achieved and maintained only by sustained use of immunosuppressive medications.
They are also similar to Hawaiian lava fountains in that both eruptive types produce sustained eruption columns maintained by the growth of bubbles that move up at about the same speed as the magma surrounding them.
Diploid tissues such as the brain and wing disc appear to be able to grow and proliferate thanks to maintained activation of TOR signaling by sustained receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling, originating from Alk in neurons and Stit in future wing cells, respectively [ 97, 98].
SERCA pumps also have a role in contraction and relaxation of myofibrils, maintaining calcium homeostasis by sustaining the correct calcium levels required for relaxation and as well as maintaining "reloading" calcium levels needed for contraction [ 18, 20].
For example, Lu et al. reported that ILF3 promotes breast tumorigenicity by maintaining sustained u-PA expression in breast cancer cells [ 17].
In this experimental model in which systemic hemodynamics was maintained by fluid resuscitation, an IAP of 20 mm Hg sustained for 2 h was associated with large decreases in renal blood flow and urinary output.
25 Under normal conditions, basal endogenously generated NO, produced via the conventional l-arginine/NO synthase (NOS) pathway is essential for maintaining homeostasis, particularly, by sustaining normal healthy cardiac function, perfusion and cardioprotection.
The three-dimensional structure is maintained by a cytoskeleton, which is the vital structure that sustains the normal shape and function of cells.
