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First, high levels of diversity at PIP genes may be maintained by selective mechanisms - either sensu strictu balancing selection or divergent selection at a local scale, which mimics the effects of balancing selection.
GC-rich elements in 5'UTRs are mostly confined to evolutionarily conserved sequences and could be maintained by selective pressure due to conserved biological function.
Heterogeneous DNA repeats may have emerged by mechanisms other than slippage or they may be maintained by selective pressure for homogeneous amino acid content [ 12].
Indeed, the degree of the polymorphism of Prdm9 is comparable with that of MHC, which may be maintained by selective advantage.
However, due to promiscuous nature of the Shigellae it is likely that resistance genes are transferred regularly to and from other enteric bacteria and maintained by selective pressure.
Resistant P. falciparum haplotypes that predominate in sub-Saharan Africa appear to possess a fitness disadvantage, suggesting that they are maintained by selective pressure from chloroquine, which is still heavily used [ 2, 3].
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Another alternative is that RGE reflects loss of genomic sequences that are no longer efficiently maintained by selection ("relaxed-selective" pressure).
Thus, if the duplication has been maintained by selection, control of replication may not be the singular or primary selective driving force.
The journal offers a rapid turnaround time for review of manuscripts, and the high standard of the journal is maintained by a selective peer-review process which aims to publish only the highest quality manuscripts.
Recent studies suggest that the conservation of miRNA 5' termini was maintained by the selective loading of miRNA into the Argonaute complex [34].
Some CNCs appear to be transcriptional enhancers in vivo [8], [9], [10], [11] although their deletion does not appear to be detrimental for mouse development in one study [12], despite evidence that CNCs are maintained by negative selective pressure [13], [14].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com