Sentence examples for maintained by genetic from inspiring English sources

Several reviews have speculated that this variation is maintained by genetic trade-offs between Plasmodium resistance and other life history traits [ 24, 25].

However, some of these substitutions are neutral when the mutation does not affect protein function, and are maintained by genetic drift.

However, it is not known to what extent this is maintained by genetic reproductive barriers between DTUs or ecological isolation, considering, for example, historical parents TcII and TcIII now circulate in almost completely separate transmission cycles.

In this study, the LD generally decreased with the increase of genetic distance with very strong LD between pairs of loci observed at genetic distances of up to 9 cM, suggestive of LD maintained by genetic linkage.

To use Kandler's words ", we see LUCA as a "multiphenotypic community" of cells, not endowed with the clear-cut differences maintained by genetic barriers that we see in modern lineages, because of the promiscuity assumed to have reigned at the time.

Increasing evidence suggests that mate choice can be maintained by indirect genetic benefits (the production of genetically superior offspring) in a variety of species [6] [9]; however, the magnitude of genetic benefits is generally considered to be small [10], [11].

Our finding of a high cost of mate choice in a lekking species in which females appear to gain no direct benefits from territorial males is contrary to theoretical predictions that only low choice costs can be maintained by indirect genetic benefits [10], [36].

The majority of cells in an adult organism primarily exist in a quiescent state that is actively maintained by multiple genetic programs [ 1- 3].

In the meantime, reintroductions offer conservation research opportunities and allow the limited genetic diversity maintained by the SSP to improve the genetic diversity of dwindling Malagasy ruffed lemur populations.

Finally, we argue that although genetic variation that has sex-dependent effects on disease risk could be maintained by mutation selection balance and genetic drift, recent evidence indicates that intra-locus sexual conflict could be a powerful influence on complex trait architecture, and maintain sex-dependent disease risk alleles in a population because they are beneficial to the opposite sex.

Lastly, our comparison of early-generation hybrids with contemporary-generation hybrids demonstrates that selection has not been successful in eliminating unfit genotypes from some wild populations, and variation in salamander fitness may be maintained by complex ecological and genetic interactions.