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Over recent decades, a vegetation-fire feedback model has emerged in which pine savannas are conceptualized as persistent, non-equilibrium communities maintained by endogenous, co-evolutionary vegetation-fire feedbacks.
Recently, a mechanistic model has proposed that PTM of synaptic proteins, maintained by endogenous brain activity, play an instructive role for LTM [2].
The antibody partially inhibits expression of SAX1, GAD1, and APCDD1 that is either induced by exogenous Wnt3a protein or maintained by endogenous, autocrine Wnt signaling.
(2) Viral gene expression is needed to induce pluripotency, however maintenance of the undifferentiated state is not reliant on continued transgene expression, but rather is maintained by endogenous gene expression [32], [33], [35], [37].
In intact cells, respiration is maintained by endogenous plasma-derived substrates only.
Such rhythms are generated and maintained by endogenous circadian clocks (Dunlap et al., 2004).
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The fact that transient expression of the OCT4 and SOX2 proteins is sufficient to reestablish sustained OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG gene expression explains the experimental observation that transient retroviral gene expression is needed to establish to reprogrammed state, yet pluripotency is maintained by sustained endogenous gene expression [32], [33], [35], [37].
This self-sustained time-keeping system is generated and maintained by an endogenous molecular machine, the circadian clock, which is a transcriptional mechanism composed of the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL and their co-repressors, PER and CRY.
The rates of photosynthesis of the zooxanthellae exhibit a clear endogenous rhythmicity maintained by light patterns.
The results suggest that the constitutive state of iNKT readiness may be maintained by intermittent local stimulation with endogenous ligands.
Carnitine homeostasis in humans is maintained by a modest rate of endogenous synthesis, absorption from dietary sources, and efficient tubular reabsorption by the kidney [ 28].
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