The transgene can be maintained at high frequency in the population by additional, relatively infrequent releases (every 5 10 generations).
One prominent example of a mutation maintained at high frequency by human mediated selection for the heterozygote is the Halothane mutation in pigs [16].
Whereas loci lying at the negative end of the Dh/sd distribution have been subject to positive selection, the positive end of the distribution indicates the effects of balancing selection where two or more alleles are maintained at higher frequency than expected under neutral genetic drift.
Volume-controlled ventilation was maintained at a frequency of 14/min, a tidal volume of 6 8 mL/kg BW, and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 mbar.
Our previous research has shown that high notes occur between the longer, regular expiration notes of lar gibbon great calls, in particular following the climax notes that rise in frequency or that are maintained at high frequency and intensity [ 49].
The derived alleles of fas and ovate were most likely to have arisen in the Ecuadorian or Peruvian SLC accessions and were maintained at low frequency in the remaining SLC accessions.
If the punishment is sufficiently large, i.e. y > z 1-β), and the benefit of blackmailing is more than the cost of policing, a > c P both monogamy and policing traits oscillate and monogamy is maintained at high frequency.
The rarity of the 15q13.3 microdeletion in controls strongly suggests that it is under strong natural selection and maintained at low frequency by the balance between recurrent mutation and selection.
The reproductive parasitism of Wolbachia allows it to invade and be maintained at high frequency in a population, such that the effect it has on the competence of individuals to act as disease-carrying vectors is then observed at a population scale [ 4].
Murine CMV (MCMV) infection induces effector CD8+ T cells that continue to increase in frequency after acute infection ("inflation") and are stably maintained at a high frequency, with up to 20% of the CD8+ T-cell compartment being specific for one epitope, although the flexibility and turnover of these populations is not fully defined.
