According to our analysis, in the absence of estradiol, and at low tamoxifen (< 10 nM) the gene expression is maintained at some background level, provided by free receptor dimers bound with ERE (ER2D).
Because the same 1/f ratio of the light patterns is maintained at brightening backgrounds, the signal power spectrum, although now stronger, retains its characteristic low-passed shape across the range of illumination (Fig. 12E), providing the same 3 dB cut-off frequency.
Male adult Cry2 knock-out (Cry2− / −) and wild-type littermates (Cry2+ / +) maintained at a C57BL/6J-background (B6.129P2- Cry2 tm1Asn /J) were used (Jackson Laboratory, MA, USA).
This analysis is based on the Lande (1983) model that consists of a locus of major effect on the trait and treats the remaining loci of minor effects as genetic background (such that background variation is maintained at a constant amount).
Ire1α+/− mice on 129 background are maintained at the animal medicine core at UMass Medical School (Worcester, MA).
Inbred C57BL/6 (B6), and mouse strains deficient for gzmA (gzmA−/−), and gzmA×B (gzmA×B−/−), bred on the B6 background were maintained at the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra and analysed for their genotypes as described [18].
tko 25t flies in the original strain background were maintained at room temperature as balanced stock (FM7 balancer), as previously shown (Toivonen et al. 2001).
All strains were grown using standard procedures at 20°, except for strains containing glp-1 (and02 ) and glp-1 (backgroundkground, which were maintained at 15°.
Background hydration was maintained at a rate of 2 mls/kg/hr using a combination of 0.9% Normal Saline and 5% Dextrose according to electrolyte results from arterial blood gas sampling and urine output.
Wild type and PPARβ/δ-null [ 23] 6 8 week-old male mice of a mixed genetic background Sv129/C57BL/6, were maintained at 23 °C on a 12-h light dark cycle with free access to water and a standard diet.
