In secondary metabolic pathways where variation is required, duplicates will be maintained and evolve diverse expression patterns.
As such, I suggest a model in which gene duplication provides raw material for evolution but, at least in metabolic pathways, the biology of the pathway determines the likelihood that duplicated genes are maintained and evolve altered functionality.
Whether functional regulatory modules are also maintained and evolve following a duplication event has yet to be examined genome wide.
MEANDS decomposes the original MOP into several, simpler MOPs, for which sub-populations of non-dominated solutions are maintained and evolved together.
It has been applied to various areas and promotes fundamental changes to system architecture, especially changing the way software systems are being analyzed, architected, designed, implemented, tested, evaluated, delivered, consumed, maintained and evolved.
Because in business we are going to need many knowledge graphs that can be maintained and evolved in an orderly manner.
This means that – given the physico-chemical properties of RNA macromolecules and their precursors – a sufficiently diverse community of RNA populations can be maintained and evolved, in which the different RNA species cooperate to produce monomers for their own replication, and possibly also to supply other "common goods" for the replicator community.
Smells in software systems impair software quality and make them hard to maintain and evolve.
With the growing complexity of product families, more sophisticated techniques are required to develop, maintain and evolve the product families.
However, mainstream adaptation strategies are usually defined imperatively and require complex control strategies strongly intertwined with the application logic, yielding to applications that are difficult to build, maintain, and evolve.
Modern societies are highly dependent on complex, large-scale, software-intensive systems that increasingly operate within an environment of continuous availability, which is challenging to maintain and evolve in response to the inevitable changes in stakeholder goals and requirements of the system.
