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The strong similarity of the C-terminal region in multicellular eukaryotes suggests there is a selective pressure to maintain this sequence at this position of the protein.
Because of that, according to the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution (see [ 41] for a recent review), natural selection is expected to be less efficient to create and/or maintain this sequence motif in the X chromosome.
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If an enzyme can maintain this function using differing sequences, there might be no necessary association of sequence constraint and centrality.
This demonstrates a negative purifying selection to maintain the sequence in both gene families.
Moreover, the cleavage products generated by crRNA and crHybs were identical, suggesting crHybs maintain the sequence specificity of Cas9 targeting (Supplementary Figs. 6 and 7).
This is known as purifying selection as potentially deleterious mutations are purged from the population in order to maintain the sequence of a functionally important site or region within the coding gene.
Especially striking is the conservation of primary amino acid homology in the p53 transactivation domain between the invertebrate sea squirt and humans, indicating that as yet undefined evolutionary selection pressures have maintained this amino acid sequence at least since this urochordate lineage.
For that reason, we tested two different aligners (SOAP and Mosaik), which allow the possibility of maintaining this kind of sequences.
Bouts of positive selection present upon recruitment may long since have been masked by a subsequent long period of purifying selection to maintain sequence, once the optimal sequence had been obtained.
The transport system appears to be providing more evolutionary pressure in order to maintain sequence similarity in this region than interaction with modification enzymes, which are usually considered to be highly specific [ 11, 18, 19].
The ATP-binding subunits maintain detectable sequence similarity.
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