The beneficial effect of maintaining the trait closer to optimal values offsets the decelerated genetic selection response, hence, plasticity favoured ER (Chevin et al. 2010).
Noticeably, Fdh was independently lost in H. mustelae, a species that has instead maintained the trait and an Sec-encoding SelD as the sole selenoprotein (see fig. 3).
This information warrants further characterisation of MtNIP3 as a candidate gene for B tolerance and provides gene-based markers as molecular tools to introgress and maintain the tolerance trait in Medicago breeding programs.
Clones do not maintain the personality traits of their "parent" donors, damn it!
ES cells broadly maintain the molecular traits of the ICM, including expression of crucial pluripotency regulators [ 17] and the presence of two active X chromosomes in female cells.
And at low rates of transmission, niche construction may maintain the two traits but is unlikely to lead to their acquisition (blue region), as going from zg to ZG now requires acquiring both traits simultaneously.
In cereals, the genetic analysis of B tolerance has led to the development of molecular selection tools to introgress and maintain the B tolerance trait in breeding lines.
This can prevent the depletion of additive genetic variance in males [54], which would maintain the variance of a trait even under the influence of directional selection, thus ultimately allowing individual assessment of male quality.
Authors' response We thank Dr Pierre Pontarotti for pointing to us these relevant and interesting papers [ 41, 42] which illustrate the ability of eukaryotes to maintain the potential to produce traits lost in distant ancestors.
This ability of eukaryotes to maintain the potential to produce traits lost in distant ancestors typically results from cis-regulatory changes in the control of genes [ 39] that have always remained functional, but in other genomic contexts, e.g. different development stages or differentiated tissue types.
