The WUS homeobox genes were reported to function in a cytokinin-related pathway to establish and maintain shoot meristems in A. thaliana (Leibfried et al. 2005; Mayer et al. 1998).
Plants homozygous for lesions at both AtRaptor loci show normal embryonic development but are unable to maintain shoot meristem activity [ 12].
In the current experiment, those genotypes able to enhance root porosity under waterlogging managed to maintain shoot N better as in lotus (James and Sprent 1999; Striker et al. 2012, 2014) and soya bean (Shimamura et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2005)—than those with low root porosity under waterlogging.
The composition of daily addition stock solutions (Stock 1: 40 mM KH2PO4, 210 mM NH4NO3, 420 mM KNO4, 20 mM (NH4 2SO4; Stock 2: 20 mM Ca(NO3 2, 40 mM Mg(NO3 2, 0.4 mM H3BO3) was optimized in preliminary experiments to maintain shoot nutritional status and to minimize solution pH fluctuation.
The service maintains shooting locations and provides maps of these locations for tourists.
Together, these results provide a framework of how AGO10 maintains shoot meristem stem cells by negatively regulating auxin signaling.
There was a wide variation in vigor among genotypes, with the three aus genotypes showing the strongest ability to maintain shoot growth under low phosphorus availability (33 % reduction in shoot dry weight with low P in aus genotypes vs. 39 48 % reductions in the other subpopulations).
In order to maintain shoot apical meristem, it is necessary to channel the cytokinin signal towards the organizing center [ 34].
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the ZWILLE/PINHEAD/AGO10 (ZLL) gene encodes a member of the ARGONAUTE (AGO) protein family and is required to maintain shoot meristem stem cells during embryogenesis.
This in turn will restrict total root surface area to one that restricts nutrient and water uptake to maintain shoot growth.
Loss-of-function mutants of the ZWILLE/ARGONAUTE10/PINHEAD (ZLL/Agene/PNH) gene terminate shoot meristem stem cells late in embryogenesis and can form a leaf or a leaf-like structure instead, indicating that AGO10 activity is required to maintain shoot meristem stem cells undifferentiated.
