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To self-renew and maintain differentiation potential, stem cells must structure their GRNs so as to arrest or buffer this forward trajectory.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02164.018 To test if the colonies maintain differentiation potential, we established an Isl1 Cre ; Ai9; Myh6-GFP ES cell line, in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed when cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes (Ieda et al., 2010).
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The finding that growth on certain biomaterials preserves aging-attenuated functions, enhances proliferation capacity, and maintains differentiation potential of BMSCs indicates a promising approach to address this problem.
This provided further confirmation that hESCs maintain their differentiation potential when maintained using this novel PPP-derived hydrogel culture system (figure 6).
Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been shown to be able to maintain the differentiation potential of MSCs during culture expansion and to restore the activities of aging MSCs, suggesting that MSC ECM (MECM) may be a suitable culture substrate to enhance the bioactivity of biomaterial scaffolds for MSCs.
These data show that isolated hAMSCs maintain their differentiation potential when grown in serum-free M5 medium.
Although, MSCs were reported to maintain their differentiation potential during aging [ 37], researchers found aging to be associated with decreased proliferative capacity of osteoprogenitor cells and therefore with a decreased osteoblastic cell number and osteoblastogenesis [ 38].
Although the pluripotent potential of bMSC after more than 4 to 5 passages was not analyzed in the present study, it has been reported that bMSC collected from calves BM are able to maintain osteogenic differentiation potential for up to 15 passages [ 23].
These hES cell derived hepatic progenitor cells could maintain their proliferation capacity for more than 100 days of culture in vitro, while maintaining their differentiation potential into both hepatocyte-like and cholangiocyte-like cells.
Together with clonogenic culture conditions, FGF-2 supplementation prolongs the life span of bone marrow stromal cells to more than 70 doublings and maintains their differentiation potential until 50 doublings.
Interestingly enough, TRAF-MSCs expressed the pluripotency markers Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog, implying a similar gene profile to undifferentiated AF-MSCs, and also exhibited the same lysosomal activity to AF-MSCs and maintained their differentiation potential.
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