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A staircase procedure was used to adjust the number of bubbles (i.e. the sampling density) on each trial, so as to maintain categorization performance at 75% correct, independently for each expression.
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When participants changed their categorization, their average online reaction time was 1.564±0.299 s, which was increased from an average reaction time of 1.399±0.252 s for a maintained categorization.
We assessed this effect on a trial-by-trial basis by assigning a congruency index, a zero for switching categorization and a one for maintaining categorization, for each word.
Regardless of the word category, subjects maintained their categorization from online to offline on 75.3% of the words.
In post-hoc analysis, subjects had faster RTs when they maintained their categorization from online to offline.
We then averaged, for each observer and across all seven expressions, the added level of noise (represented as a value of sigma between 0 and 1) required to maintain 75% correct categorization at each of the 16 time points.
Clinicians were asked to document and detail the timing of specific features such as higher cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric, seizure and movement disorders: we have maintained the categorizations as provided by the clinicians.
A congruency index closer to 1 indicates that subjects maintained the same categorization, while a congruency index closer to 0 indicates that subjects changed the categorization.
When subjects were certain of their decision they responded faster and maintained the same categorization from online to offline, while when subjects were uncertain they had slower RTs and changed online to offline categorization.
A particular word was given a congruency of 1 if the subject maintained the same categorization from online during the dual task to the offline survey rating for that particular word.
As previously described [ 5], this categorization maintained Fried's definition of frailty, but expanded non-frail to include a score of 1 to account for the small number (7%) of participants with a frailty score of 0. Perceived frailty for each participant was assessed in three ways: 1) nephrologist-perceived frailty, 2) nurse practitioner (NP -perceived-frailty, aNP -perceived-frailtyed frailty.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com