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To maintain cardiac preload, patients were administered intravenous fluids, and those with a hemoglobin concentration <8 g/dl were administered packed red blood cells (pRBCs).
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The therapeutical target to prevent interstitial oedema whilst maintaining cardiac preload in the face of an unaffected endothelial cell line would have been, according to this model, to merely maintain the oncotic plasma pressure.
In low-preload states, tachycardia may be a compensatory response to reduced cardiac preload to maintain cardiac output [24].
In patients with sepsis-induced hypotension the rationale for CVP targeted fluid resuscitation is to ensure 'adequate' cardiac preload and hence maintain cardiac output and organ perfusion.
Dopamine was used to maintain cardiac output.
From that perspective, a functional definition of "normovolemia" as a reference for volume treatment is by its ability to provide the heart with an appropriate central blood volume (i.e., the cardiac preload that maintains cardiac output) (13).
While replacement of crystalloidal extracellular losses, such as urinary output and insensible perspiration, using isotonic crystalloids seems rational [ 2], there are controversial opinions for maintaining or restoring cardiac preload [ 6].
During withdrawal, the whole blood is replaced simultaneously by an artificial solution in order to maintain the quantitative component of cardiac preload [ 18].
Although pigs in the Infusion group received higher cumulative amount of fluids (469 (407 to 516) versus 387 (344 to 425) ml/kg in the Infusion and Peritonitis groups, respectively; P = 0.007), fluid resuscitation maintained ITBV without intergroup differences, suggesting comparable cardiac preload.
Cardiac preload transiently increases.
Either cardiac preload increased but the patient was not preload responsive, or the volume of fluid administered was not enough to significantly increase cardiac preload (Fig. 1) [1].
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