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Self-renewal, multipotency, and increased proliferative capacity allow CSC populations to maintain a pluripotent phenotype, while also producing a heterogeneous tumor.
In this report, we have established rES cell lines that maintain a pluripotent potential and a normal number of chromosomes.
This suggests that Ring1b is required to repress a specific subset of Oct4 and Nanog bound genes to maintain a pluripotent, undifferentiated ES cell state.
ES cells, derived from the epiblast of early blastocysts, can self-renew and maintain a pluripotent, undifferentiated state in vitro by extrinsic factors, such as LIF and Bmp, and intrinsic factors, including stem cell regulators Oct4 and Nanog [42] [45].
P19 EC cells resemble mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells as they maintain a pluripotent, undifferentiated state when cultured, and can differentiate into three germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm upon addition of various chemical stimuli [34] [36].
Here we have established rES cells that have all undifferentiated characters, a stable long-term culture condition, maintain a normal karyotype, maintain a pluripotent potential to differentiate into derivatives of the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, and most importantly, that are capable of producing chimeras.
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Male and female mammalian germ cells follow identical developmental trajectories for the first half of embryogenesis, during which time they also maintain a pluripotent-like state.
Evaluating transcription factor pathways involved in acquiring and maintaining a pluripotent state is critical in understanding mechanisms that contribute to pluripotency, acquiring a pluripotent state, and lineage specific differentiation.
Experiments promoting, attenuating or maintaining a pluripotent phenotype were considered when they reveal mechanistic data.
While this observation is surprising, it is noteworthy that spermatogonia arise in the only known post natal stem cell niche that maintains a pluripotent stem cell population [53].
Because Stat3 and c-Myc are necessary for establishing and maintaining a pluripotent state, evaluation of Stat3 and c-Myc downstream transcriptional targets provides further insight into the ES cell transcriptional network.
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