The development of mainstream research on the origin of life as an outcome of Darwinian evolution is discussed.
The mainstream research on scoring rubrics has emphasized the summative aspect of assessment.
Whatever happens there is no doubt that the use of proteomics in animal research has now gone beyond a few, isolated laboratories and can now be seen as a mainstream research tool of benefit across the spectrum of investigations into animal health, production and post-harvest processes.
People of refugee background are often excluded from mainstream research, and men, irrespective of background, are infrequently asked about their experiences of maternity and early childhood health services.
The idea of using nanowires of conventional semi-conductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide as building-blocks of nanoelectronic or nanophotonic devices was introduced into mainstream research at the end of the 1990s (see, for example, ref. 2).
Mommsen's stubborn insistence on his own interpretation meant that he felt a sense of alienation as he was squeezed to the fringes of mainstream research.
Warnings that we may face civilization-threatening temperature change by the end of the century, once considered outlandish, are now coming out of mainstream research groups.
The mainstream research related to risk of ENMs was toxicological effects and ecological risk.
But a sharp backlash followed, drawing on the findings of mainstream research organizations, such as the American Medical Association, which have pointed out that there is no data to prove that eating G.M.O.s is bad for one's health.
The subtitle refers, with few exceptions, to discoveries made by the human eye, and hence on the periphery of mainstream research, which relies on instruments to make its observations.
