Such induced Core-specific T cells are mainly effector memory cells (CD44+/CD62L−) and some of them displayed markers (CD27+/CD43−) associated with strong recall capacity but also central memory cells (CD44+/CD62L+) that are detected until day 400 post-injection.
The initiation and development of allergen-specific responses, mainly effector CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells, and production of immunoregulatory proteins, are hallmarks of the immune activation observed in ACD.
At day 7, when the primed CD8+ T cells displayed mainly effector (CD62Llow) phenotype, cells also expressed basal level of caspase-3.
Herpesviruses seem to rely mainly on effector cell evasion.
Although these preliminary observations have to be properly defined, after phosphoantigen stimulation, however, we observed frequently that the Vγ9/Vδ2 subpopulation was mainly composed by effector cells in active patients and by memory cells in inactive patients and controls.
In active patients we observed that the phenotype of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells is mainly composed of CD45RO+CD27- effector cells (57 ± 13%) and that there is, also, evidence of CD45RO-CD27- CD45RO-CD27-ifferenterminallyotoxic cells (20 ± 6%).
Their administration will then activate the cancer antigen‐specific immune responses of effector cells, mainly CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells, both of which are key players in adaptive immune responses, through antigen processing and presentation by host immune systems.
Simultaneous measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 at the single cell level identifies T cell cytokine profiles which reflect their memory phenotype and defines three main functional T cell subsets: effector cells that mainly secrete IFN-γ only, effector-memory cells primarily secreting both IFN-γ and IL-2, and central memory cells secreting only IL-2 [4].
DCs, specialised in presenting antigens to donor effector cells, are mainly involved in this setting and probably also in autoantigen (cross presentation in AD.
Immediate effector T cell responses can be measured in an ex-vivo 18 hour IFNγ ELISPOT assay, and are thought to comprise mainly effector-memory T cells which circulate shortly after antigenic priming or recall [16].
