These are mainly alterations in phospholipid metabolism (PME, PDE, PC and tCho) and/or glycolysis (lactate) and cellular bioenergetics (NTP, PCr).
This suggests that the transition from a unicellular, Chlamydomonas-like ancestor to multicellular Volvox did not take major changes in gene content [ 58, 60] but mainly alterations in the mechanisms of genetic regulation.
Using macro FT-Raman spectroscopy, energy-dependent micro-Raman spectroscopy and first principle calculations established that the light-induced structural transformations in As45S55 glass take place mainly from alterations of As4S4 molecules in glass network.
Upon exposure to a wide range of light regimes, plants show an ability to meet these differing conditions, mainly by alterations in leaf structure and biochemistry (Evans 1989; Niinemets and Tenhunen 1997).
The modifications in the substrate resulted mainly in alterations of the conversion rate, but the inclusion of a chiral alcohol moiety such as (R -1-phenylethanol R -1-phenylethanolion of CAL-B enantiopR -1-phenylethanol
Additional mechanisms of cell resistance, mainly involving alterations of apoptosis, may also affect [99mTc]MIBI uptake in tumours.
In addition, parent-of-origin effect plays a major role in the genetic alteration frequencies of the pair of reciprocal hybrids, thus further implicating partitioning of epigenetic mechanisms in somaclonal variation, although which can be manifested as mainly genetic alterations.
The increase in pulmonary dead space is due mainly to alterations in the distribution of pulmonary blood flow originating from vascular obstruction and to regional overdistension of ventilated alveoli induced by the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and sometimes by the reduction in cardiac output [ 7- 9].
Most of the changes related to skeletal muscle metabolism that have been reported in goldfish suggest a more aerobic phenotype, mainly through alterations in mitochondrial enzymes (Hazel, 1972b; Hazel, 1972a; Sidell, 1980; LeMoine et al., 2008), mitochondrial volume density (Tyler and Sidell, 1984) and the relative proportion of slow twitch fibers in the myotomes (Johnston and Lucking, 1978).
Physical instability mainly includes alteration of highly ordered protein structure, leading to undesirable processes such as denaturation, aggregation and precipitation.
Although some bacterial species recombine frequently, other bacterial species are highly clonal, evolving mainly through alteration of vertically inherited genes.
