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In 2009 about 8.5 billion euros ($10.97 billion) worldwide and 3 billion euros in the European Economic Area were spent on new mainframe hardware and operating systems.
The commission said that T3 and Turbo Hercules had claimed that I.B.M. had been illegally tying its mainframe hardware products to its dominant mainframe operating system.
One investigation followed complaints by emulator software vendors T3 and Turbo Hercules against I.B.M.'s practices, and focuses on claims that the computer giant's tied its mainframe hardware to its mainframe operating system.
Back then, I.B.M. was reaping enormous profits from its virtual monopoly in mainframe hardware and software, as Microsoft does today from its dominant positions in personal-computer operating systems and personal-productivity software like word processing and spreadsheets.
In a statement Monday, the commission, the executive arm of the European Union, said it would investigate whether I.B.M. had illegally tied sales of its mainframe operating system to its mainframe hardware, responding to complaints by third-party sellers of hardware.
Even if mainframe hardware itself has hardly depreciated, he says entire mainframe systems, including operating systems and applications, have dropped far faster.
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But all mainframe-related hardware, software and services account for a quarter of its revenue and, more important, about half of I.B.M.'s total operating profit, A. M. Sacconaghi, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Company, estimates.
The days when IBM 's mainframes monopolized hardware are long gone.
The ability to plug other computers into the mainframe and manage hardware and software applications, customers say, is appealing.
Call in the developers — the coins are dropping and the counters in the royal chamber are taking notice, turning their buttocks on IT, now trying to figure out how they can cut that monster budget for that converged nonsense, those new-aged mainframes that the hardware vendors keep saying are the answer to world peace.
In the hardware division, mainframe revenue declined 24 percent, and sales of large computers running the Unix operating system fell 10 percent.
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