Madeira et al. 2010 have identified the main volcano-structural features (faults, calderas, and clusters of craters) in the center of island.
In this paper, the most frequent mafic monogenetic volcano is defined by means of the statistical analysis of its main volcano-morphological features (cone height, cone width ratio, crater width, crater depth, etc).
To obtain a homogeneous distribution of sampling sites at each island, 400, 468, and 228 sites were selected for São Vicente, Fogo, and Brava islands, respectively (Figure 2), depending of the local geology, the main volcano-tectonic features and the accessibility.
a: Shaded relief map based on the SRTM Digital Elevation Model highlighting main volcanoes and craters; (b) Land cover map of the study area based on the FAO classification scheme (FAO 1998).
In modern times, the apron of material around the volcano's main vent extends at least 4.8 km from its source in places that were covered by ice.
Tahiti-Nui is composed of a main shield volcano cut by two huge landslides on each side of a main E W rift zone.
In 2006 Merapi volcano, Indonesia, erupted for a few months, producing several block-and-ash flows reaching a maximum distance of 7.5 km from the main vent.
In Japan, the borehole-type tiltmeters have been set up around the main active volcanoes (e.g., V-net operated by NIED), and C-band weather Doppler radar (operated by JMA) is covering the entire country.
Given the dynamics of the Vulcanian-style eruptions, early warnings based on geophysical parameters and conveyed over a reliable radio system are essential for the well-being of the local population who persist living on the volcano´s flanks and also those who are transiting on main thoroughfares around the volcano.
