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Two endotracheal tubes were inserted in the right and left main stem bronchi of anesthetized dogs, and the changes in pleural pressure (ΔPpl) over the two lungs were assessed separately, first before and then after section of one phrenic nerve, by measuring the changes in airway opening pressure (ΔPao) in the two tubes during occluded breaths.
When bolus transport occurred, distinctive radioactive boluses could be seen to move through the main stem bronchi and the trachea (Fig. 1).
After dissected free from adjacent organs, the trachea was removed from the thyroid cartilage to the main stem bronchi and put into 2 mL normal saline immediately.
Boluses of mucus are seen to ascend from the main stem bronchi to the trachea (top four pictures) and further up the trachea (bottom four pictures).
a Contrast-enhanced axial CT and b non-contrast axial CT obtained 1 year later demonstrating non-enhancing focal narrowing of the distal trachea and proximal main stem bronchi.
The trachea and main stem bronchi were collected from 6-week-old mice as previously described [12], and total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagents (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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†Tube placed in right main stem bronchus.
Cells were harvested by enzymatic digestion from portions of main stem or lumbar bronchi, cultured, and studied as well-differentiated primary cultures maintained at an air-liquid surface interface as previously described [23], [24].
The age group related mean ± SD cross-sectional area measurements of the cricoid; main stem and lobar bronchi of the bronchial tree are shown in Table 1.
A validated videobronchoscope technique was used to measure in-vivo airway cross-sectional areas (cricoid, right (RMS) and left (LMS) main stem and major lobar bronchi) of 125 children.
In children foreign bodies are usually inhaled into the stem bronchi with no predilection for the right or left main bronchus [29].
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