The protective role of main banks and cross-shareholdings was enough to regulate matters.
But as far as investors are concerned its main asset is its shareholdings in Nissan of Japan, in Mercedes's parent company, Daimler, and in Volvo Trucks.
That fails too, when the forces of old Japan Olympus's main bank and biggest shareholder, SMBC, and a group of cross-shareholding firms close ranks to protect the company from more meddlesome outsiders.What actually happened to the money?
Japan, China's main regional rival, has the biggest shareholding in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) along with the United States, and the Manila-based bank is headed by a Japanese, by convention.
The case involving the club's main stakeholder, which has a 50% shareholding in the Edinburgh club, was originally down to be heard last week.
Sandy Easdale previously bought former chief executive Charles Green's shareholding.
His 58% shareholding is worth about £2.5bn so his main gain would always come in the form of a higher share price.
It is also said that shareholding has been democratized, aligning the shareholder interest with that of society as a whole.
The number of superior voting shares a shareholder receives is proportionate to her shareholding at the time of payment.
"The main reasons are lack of transparency, less respect for minority shareholders, insufficient openness, excessive control by controlling shareholding families," he said, sounding like a shareholder activist.
