The main change in the selective environment experienced by the trout spawning above the water fall is thus the introduction of a highly size-selective fish ladder leading to strong stabilizing selection for sizes around 60 80 cm.
The main selective forces in the cliff-top environment inhabited by the precocious ecotype are likely to be exposure to strong winds, salt spray, and drought (King 1999; James and Bell 2001).
To our knowledge, once an invasive species invades a new place, the main selective pressure originates from the change in environment (Sakai et al., 2001).
In our study, the main selective force that affects immunological memory traits was the pathogen environment.
"It will be a more selective environment going forward, but many stocks will do very well".
Instead, my method is chronological, beginning with offspring being born into a selective environment.
One characteristic of the latter type is that the inducing environment is often not the same as (and generally precedes) the selective environment.
When modeled with ANOVA, the interaction between assay environment and selective environment was significant for Exp.
When the assay environment matched the environment in which the female lineage had evolved, progeny viability was greater (interaction between selective environment and assay environment).
This population's stable environment also defines the relevant selective environment in which to measure fitness for both sexes.
