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(a) The main rupture of the Wenchuan earthquake.
The main rupture of the earthquake is located shallower than 20 km, and surrounded by the source regions of the 1936, 1938 and 1978 events.
Baba et al. (2006) reported that postseismic slip was estimated on the surrounding area including that at the same depth as the main rupture of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake using the offshore geodetic data.
Our final fault model estimate is in good agreement with the M w estimates described above and is approximately consistent with the main rupture of the finite-fault model of Yarai et al. (2016) except for the strike angle and length: The strike angle was ~7° smaller and the length was ~6 km longer.
The normal and strike-slip faulting events among the PAC group are interpreted as intraslab earthquakes, and their focal mechanisms suggest significant change of stress field off the Boso Peninsula, although the region is distant from the main rupture of the 2011 earthquake.
Yarai et al. (2016) show an earthquake fault model inferred from the post-processed GNSS data and InSAR observations, which consists of three rectangular faults dipping northwest with right-lateral strike-slip, including a main rupture of M w 6.90 along the Futagawa fault segment and another rupture with M w 6.73 along the northern part of the Hinagu fault segment.
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Because the main ruptures of these two earthquakes occurred along the different faults (Hinagu and Futagawa faults, respectively) and the faulting processes are also largely different (e.g., Asano and Iwata 2016), the observed different behavior in the aftershock activities is not surprising.
(212, 89, 164) (33, 87, 162) (2070 70, 178) (281, 51, 59) Focal mechanismsb aAfter JMA bAfter F-net (www.fnet.bosai.go.jp) Fig. 4 Comparison of the observed acceleration waveforms that occurred during EQ-2 close to the main rupture area of the foreshock at MKM and SNK for the N S and E W components.
We adopt the origin of I-phase as the initiation point of the main rupture.
Those fragile patches inside a large nucleation may also act as sources of the small preceding waves within the nucleation phase of the main rupture.
We then conducted parametric studies on the frictional parameters of peak (τp) and residual (τr) friction to produce the case where the effect of the small patches is evident during the progress of the main rupture.
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