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Figure 19 Main lobe beamwidth.
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Therefore, the beamwidth of main lobe dominates the system performance.
Let θ m denotes the beamwidth of the main lobe.
For a ULA of N array elements, the Rayleigh resolution limit, i.e., the beamwidth in the spatial frequency space, defined as the full width of the main lobe at the half-power level, is [1] Δ ν = 0.886 N. (23).
Also, for the 3GPP three-sector antenna pattern (i.e., A=−12(θ/θ 3dB 2 for 3-dB beamwidth θ 3dB [14]), a MS located between two neighboring co-located sectors at an angle of θ from the main lobe direction of one of the sectors experiences channel power imbalance of σ θ =288(θ−60)/(θ 3dB 2.
Figure 2 shows a case directional antenna gain in main lobe, side lobes, and back lobe.
The main lobe direction is around 0°.
Further, when compared to a uniformly excited PCCAA having equal number of elements and same radii a reduction of major lobe beamwidth is also observed in the optimal non-uniformly excited case.
The main lobe contains 2M R−1 subbands while the side lobes contain only M R−1 subbands.
The maximum value of these side lobes is 27 dB lower than the main lobe.
The main lobe width and side lobe heights are the two important beam pattern characteristics.
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