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So far, four main genomic subtypes that roughly correlate with the well-known intrinsic subtypes defined from gene expression studies have been identified [ 1, 2].
However, luminal A-classified tumors were distributed in two main genomic subtypes, luminal-simple and luminal-complex, the former group having a better prognosis, whereas the latter group included also luminal B and the majority of BRCA2-mutated tumors.
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Two genomic subtypes are distinguished by chromosome 9q loss, resulting in increased AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling.
Attesting to the molecular heterogeneity of MM, unsupervised classification using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) designed for array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis uncovered distinct genomic subtypes.
Four unique genomic subtypes were identified using unsupervised hierarchical clustering.
Four of the genomic subtypes displayed striking similarity to previously described intrinsic subtypes derived from gene-expression profiling.
This revealed six genomic subtypes with different clinical behavior and a striking concordance to the intrinsic subtypes.
Not surprisingly, significant differences in OS between genomic subtypes were observed, with the luminal-simple subtype having the best outcome, and the 17q12 subtype, the worst outcome.
Moreover, 8p12-amplified tumors were confined mainly to two genomic subtypes, the amplifier and luminal-complex subtypes, with high-level 8p12 amplification occurring primarily in the amplifier subtype.
Hierarchical clustering analysis of significant genomic lesions revealed genomic subtypes that displayed different clinical outcomes and high similarity to the intrinsic gene-expression subtypes previously described [ 4].
Additionally, tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers were found in distinct genomic subtypes.
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