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Introduction Glucose is the main energy substrate (1) for immune cells (monocytes (monos) and polymorphonuclears (PMNs)).
Neuro-cognitive research has confirmed that glucose, as a main energy substrate for the brain, can momentarily benefit cognitive performances, particularly for memory functioning.
11 12 Glucose is the main energy substrate for fetal growth.
Indeed, under normal aerobic conditions, myocardial cells oxidise free fatty acids (non-esterified fatty acids) as the main energy substrate.
Hyperinsulinaemia in septic patients does not completely suppress hepatic glucose production, and glucose remains the main energy substrate in sepsis.
However, the existing hypotheses consider glucose, or its derivative lactate, as the only main energy substrate for the brain.
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This is perhaps not surprising, given its ability to provide in vivo measures of oxygen and glucose metabolism, the two main energy substrates of the brain.
Cerebral microdialysis provides essential information on brain metabolism and the availability of main energy substrates (mainly glucose) and also is potentially useful to detect secondary delayed cerebral ischemia and manage blood glucose control.
Because glucose is the main energy yielding substrate for brain cells, the clinical consequences of decreasing blood pH are drowsiness, stupor, coma and, ultimately, death.
The main cardiac energy substrates are fatty acids (FA) and glucose.
However, the pathophysiology of so-called secondary brain injury, i.e., the cascade of potentially deleterious events that occur in the early phase following initial cerebral insult after TBI, is complex, involving a subtle interplay between cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen delivery and utilization, and supply of main cerebral energy substrates (glucose) to the injured brain.
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