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After adjusting for patient demographics and diabetes (and including only main effects), children under 5 years of age had higher rates of SSTI than persons aged 65 years and older (Rate Ratio (RR): 1.21, Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17 to 1.26), while persons in other age groups had lower rates of SSTIs compared to persons aged 65 years and older.
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Analysis of effects of non-maternal care, a special focus of the NICHD study, confirmed the lack of main effects of children's age of entry, quality of care and length of time children spent in non-maternal care, but also revealed interaction effects.
Our study extends and investigates this approach in several ways: first, because genetic effects from maternal and child genotypes can be mutually confounded, we fit a model including the main effects from child and maternal genotypes along with two-locus M×O and M×M interactions.
The analysis of the dynamic cohort (1993 1998) concentrated on four main effects (soil contamination, child's gender, child's age, and year of the exam) and the interaction between year and soil contamination.
In the partially adjusted main effects model for child BMI (Model 1c), children of mothers with mild depressive symptoms at 9 months on average had higher BMIs (β = 0.14, [95% CI: 0.02, 0.26], Table 1) than children of mothers without symptoms.
They showed that this hybrid design can improve the efficiency for estimation of the main effects of maternal and child genotype, compared to using a case/parent trio or case/mother vs. control/mother approach.
First, while no amplitude effects at P1 were hypothesized given that effects had not been shown in previous visual search studies (Taylor & Khan, 2000), both adults and children showed main effects of attention (F 1,38) = 9.10, p =.005., ηp =.193) as well as target/distractor location (F 2, 76) = 4.72, p =.013, ηp =.110).
All the approaches yielded significant results for the two main effects on the facial growth measurements of children.
Combining the main effect of educational level of the mother and the main effects of breastfeeding reveals that breast-fed children of highly educated mothers score on average 7.6 point higher on the CITO test of cognitive abilities than formula-fed children of mothers with a low education (effect size = .936).936
The follow-up univariate analyses showed significant main effects of age in all subscales, with older children showing better performance than the younger ones (see Table 3).
Adding the estimates for the interaction between depressive symptoms and child age to the coefficients of the main effects showed no significant change in the effect of moderate/severe maternal depressive symptoms on child height (data not shown).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com