For example, two-group randomised controlled trials designed to quantify the impact of treatment effect modifiers, require approximately four times the sample size of a conventional controlled trial powered to detect a main effect of the same size [ 55].
Although flight-induced changes in maternal egg provisioning did result in larvae with small masses (at 21 days of development and hence at the time of viral inoculation) we found no significant main effect of flight linking the impact of maternal flight on larval mass.
Analyses showed a main effect of training on impact ratings [ F 1,39) = 5.39, p < .05, η p 2 = .12] with negatively-trained individuals rating events as having a greater impact than positively-trained adolescents [ t(41) = 2.23, p < .05, cohen's d = .69; means = 2.69(.49) and 2.38(.40) for negative and positive groups respectively].
To ask whether certain signatures of early adult development were consistently expressed in the same direction and in similar magnitude for well-fed and underfed workers, we determined whether the main effect of age significantly impacted gene expression.
Petry expands upon two main effects of the new intermediary artisan.
The interaction between diet and age did not significantly impact the expression of any exons, and so results are presented below for exons and transcripts that changed due to the main effect of diet, the main effect of age, the effect of diet at either 3d or 8d, or the effect of age in bees fed a rich or poor diet.
Analyses focused on load-dependent cerebral activation (main effect of load) as well as the impact of age and performance level on this activation pattern (group × load interaction).
The heritability h 2 decreases from 0.03 (Model 3) to 0.007 (Model 3-GH) in presence of GH with the prevalence K p remaining constant at 0.06. Figure 1A and 1B effectively demonstrate the characteristics of the simulated data, i.e., absence of main effects, the impact of a decrease in heritability on the metric and the presence of genetic heterogeneity.
The main effect of phenolic compounds is the antioxidant effect.
The main effect of Lag was significant, while the main effect of Segment was not.
Recent studies have assessed both the main effect of daily high temperature and added effect of heatwaves (i.e., the impact of extended periods of extreme temperatures) [ 1, 11, 12].
