hESCs are also characterized by a network of genes important for pluripotency, including the unique homeobox transcription factor NANOG, which is the main downstream effector of this network.
Indeed, STAT5, one of the main downstream effector molecules of PRL [90], has been shown to directly modulate transcriptional activity through interaction with the promoter region of the target genes [92].
Of note, PTEN down-regulation was also associated with an increase in AKT phosphorylation, the main downstream effector of PI3K, confirming that the PI3K pathway was activated in shPTEN expressing-cells.
P21-activated kinase 1 (PaK1), a main downstream effector of Rac1 and Cdc42, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction and cellular regulation of morphogenesis, survival, proliferation and motility [13], [14], [15], [16].
P21-activated protein kinase 1 (PaK1), a main downstream effector of small Rho GTPases, is overexpressed in many malignancies.
P21-activated protein kinase1 (PaK1), a member of group I PAKs, is a main downstream effector of the small Rho GTPases.
HES-1 is a transcriptional repressor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and one of the main downstream effectors in Notch signaling.
The main downstream effectors of Toll, cactus (CG5848) and dorsal (dl, CG6667), were essentially unchanged between flight and ground-reared adults.
This molecular event triggers the activation of NF-κB transcription factors, the main downstream effectors of CD40 signalling.
ROCK-1 and ROCK-2 are the main downstream effectors of Ras homologous (Rho) family of GTPases.
In support of this, IGFBP-rP1 knockdown in SW480 cells increased the levels of TGF- β receptor and its main downstream effectors, phospho-Smad2/3.
