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The ratio of the kink length and the main crack length was 0.0065.
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Following this, the ground deformation including the additional tension cracks (approximately 10 m in length) and the vertical offset by the extension of main tension cracks (Length: 80 m) were discovered.
The plastic change of melten pool was the main reason for the total crack length at different levels.
Under elevated temperature, cracks gradually generated and the cracking density, intracrystalline crack length, and crack width of aggregates increased.
Four main crack angles measured from the load direction, i.e. 45, 60, 75, and 85°, with crack length to plate width of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 were considered.
Second, as the main crack propagates, microcracks opening up in the wake or process zone adjacent to the main crack but behind the crack front result in an increase in volume, which tends to close the main crack.
The cumulative increase in volume exerts a closing force on the advancing crack, as well as a corresponding resistance to crack propagation that increases with crack length.
In ceramics produced with such microstructures, cracks are deflected from a straight path, leading to a dramatic increase in crack length; at the same time particles behind the advancing crack tip bridge the crack, tending to hold it closed.
When the main crack reaches a 'critical length', it tends to grow in mode I through the dendrites and by particle fracture in front of the crack.
Initial crack length.
b interfacial crack length.
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