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A pilot study, designed to quantify the incorporation of phytoplankton-derived carbon by the main clades of heterotrophic aquatic bacteria (i.e. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes), is used to exemplify and suggest potential solutions to these technical difficulties.
Two main clades of T. cruzi, lineages I (DTU Ia) and II (DTU VI), were found to be sympatric (all habitats and seasons) in the Zoh-Laguna landscape, suggesting that no species-specific interactions occur between the parasite and any mammal host, in any habitat.
Our results show a very robust relationship between Rhizaria and two main clades of the supergroup chromalveolates: stramenopiles and alveolates.
The three main clades of Syagrus s. s. share crown node ages of ca. 16.6 17.5 MYBP.
We tested for and found evidence of divergent selection between the two main clades of bats, which have contrasting sonar signals.
Crown clade ages for the two main clades of American Attaleinae are ca. 33 and 35 MYBP, respectively, the latter node being the MCRA of Syagrus and Cocos nucifera.
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They are equivocal on the question of whether tardigrades are panarthropods as had generally been endorsed by arthropod phylogeneticists since the mid-1990s (e.g., Dewell and Dewell 1997; Budd 2001; Nielsen 2001)—or are nested within the other main clade of ecdysozoans, the Cycloneuralia.
Similarly, all other V. dahliae isolates (strains PD584, PD585, PD623, PD717, PD718, PD719) from typical V. longisporum hosts (cabbage, oilseed rape) grouped in the main clade of V. dahliae (Figure 2).
None of the three V. dahliae isolates (strains PD727, PD728, PD729) from the same host and location were in contention as parents of V. longisporum, as they grouped in the main clade of V. dahliae, distantly related to the V. longisporum parents V. dahliae lineages D2 and D3 (Figure 2).
Similarly, the diversification of the main clade of Trechus (clade 1.3.2.2) was also dated in the late Oligocene.
The main clade of arboreal Echimyidae is robustly recovered (node 9; Table 2; Figure 3) uniting four separate monophyletic units.
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