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In April, Patrick de Gayardon, a 38-year-old French skysurfer, died during the filming of a movie scene when his modified parachute malfunctioned and his reserve chute became entangled with the main canopy.
Largest uncertainties in the conceptualization of CRTM lies in the adequate description of the two main canopy architectural parameters: (1) the projection function (G) that describes the foliage inclination distribution in space and (2) the clumping function that describes the aggregative nature of canopy elements.
An abundant regeneration of Q. pyrenaica could be found at all the stands, guaranteeing the persistence of seedling banks (but a scarcity or lack of saplings) under closed forests, until canopy gaps may allow some Q. pyrenaica individuals to grow and reach the main canopy.
Increasing percentage of spruce in the main canopy decreases the growth rate of understorey.
An admixture of pine and birch in the main canopy improves the height increment of understorey.
The tallest trees, known as "emergents", may rise well above the main canopy.
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Both of these two patterns point to the same basic feature which is the inability of birch and pine to survive and grow under dense spruce main canopies.
The study analyzed the dependence of the height increment of understorey spruces on seedling height, site properties and characteristics of the main tree canopy.
Due to anthropogenically-driven fragmentation over many decased, its main closed-canopy area now occupies only 60% (85 km ) of its original area.
The Bush administration expanded the outsourcing strategy after the invasion of Iraq, with companies like Blackwater and its two main competitors, Triple Canopy and DynCorp, supplying guards and training at many levels of the war.
Windthrow is the main cause of canopy gaps in a variety of ecosystems; other causes include insects, diseases, acidic deposition, drought, and climate change.
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