We addressed the heterogeneity of the two main farmland habitats: arable land and grassland.
In medieval and early modern times the land was mainly agricultural, as it still is today, with sheep farming, rather than arable, the main activity in these upland holdings.
The main beneficiaries are large-scale arable growers and commodity companies.
Main measures are transformation of arable fields into extensively used grasslands, afforestation and ecological transformation of forests.
Under these environmental conditions the most important natural hazards are connected to climatic variability, the low relief, the orographic characteristic (basin situation), the land cover types (the main land cover types are arable land, pasture, and broad-leaved forest), and land use practices (for example, agriculture, grazing or deforestation).
About 11% of Iran's land is arable, with the main food-producing areas located in the Caspian region and in northwestern valleys.
The hypothesis was confirmed that arable land constitutes the main source of deep drainage and groundwater recharge in Northeast Germany.
In this study, arable land is the main subject of research, as it is the decisive landscape segment that reflects the progress of land reform.
Oolitic loam provides good arable land in the main valley.
Agricultural intensification has occurred in much of Europe since the middle of the 20th century implying profound changes in arable landscapes, and being the main cause of biodiversity erosion in farmed ecosystems.
