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Since not all sodas contain caffeine, we did not include colas when calculating total caffeine intake in the main analyses, but performed sensitivity analyses including the contribution of regular colas and sodas to caffeine, assuming that one drink contained 46 mg of caffeine.
In the first we repeated the main analyses, but excluded patients who received no antidepressant treatment during follow-up.
Antidepressants other than SSRIs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and venlafaxine, were excluded from the main analyses but included in later sensitivity analyses.
This number of patients was enough for the main analyses, but the sample size may have been relatively small for our subgroup analyses.
Poor-quality studies are not combined with fair- and good-quality studies in our main analyses, but may be added as part of sensitivity analyses.
Because only pre-bronchodilator spirometry was available, participants reporting a diagnosis of asthma were excluded from the main analyses but included in sensitivity analyses.
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Therefore, we did not adjust for urinary MMA% in the main analyses, but did conduct sensitivity analyses further adjusting for MMA% in the subpopulation with data on MMA% (n = 1,269).
In the 15 cases where a second pair of images was acquired by a different observer, values from the first pair were used for the main analyses - but the mean elasticity value produced by the first observer was additionally compared with that produced by the second observer, and the correlation coefficient was calculated.
When stratifying on sex of children, we only found results similar to the main analyses in boys, but not in girls.
Because 61.7% of adolescents did not answer the smoking questionnaire, we did not include smoking as a covariable in the main analyses in adolescents but conducted a sensitivity analysis in those with smoking data available to see if adjusting for smoking affected the associations.
The main analyses included all patients, but sensitivity analyses (n = 5,787) excluded study patients who died before being discharged from the hospital.
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