Applying color-magnitude selections to isolate blue supergiant (SG) stars, we find 16 SG-XRB candidates.
Selection against inframe indels is similar in magnitude to selection against missense single-nucleotide substitutions (fig. 2 A) and is independent of the indel length for the lengths at least up to approximately 7 codons (supplementary fig. S3, Supplementary Material online).
These results indicate that changes in late fertility rates more strongly affect the magnitude of selection than changes in survival.
The Ka/Ks ratio measures the direction and magnitude of selection: a value greater than one indicates positive selection, a value of one indicates neutral evolution, and a value less than one indicates purifying selection [ 48].
Unsurprisingly, the performance achieved in separating driver and passenger loci depended to a great extent on the magnitude of selection acting on the driver loci, a greater driver selection coefficient describing a greater inherent difference between the two classes of loci.
Here, we present a simple approximation to the Wright Fisher process that does not make any assumptions about the magnitude of selection and mutation and is therefore better suited to inferring selection acting on populations evolving under strong selective pressures.
Although we do not have external data to estimate the magnitude of selection bias, the results of hypothetical sensitivity analyses based on a selection bias factor defined by Rothman and Greenland (1998) suggest that the ORs obtained in this study are more likely to have been underestimated than overestimated.
To obtain quantitative estimates of the magnitude of selection acting on intron splice sequences, we conducted simulations using the ancestral selection graph (Neuhauser and Krone 1997).
According to some authors [94], Tajima's test is more powerful to detect the magnitude of selection acting on HLA genes, as it is better suited to detect ancient traces of selection (history of species timescale) than EW (history of populations timescale).
Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the magnitude of selection bias in a study of patients newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
