We monitored stream flow at 15 min intervals in 12 streams across these watersheds for two years (one normal and one dry) and calculated flow metrics describing the flow magnitude, flow variability (e.g., flow flashiness, zero flow days), and flow stability (e.g., deviations from Q90, daily flow range).
We also implement removal of outliers which we classify as high magnitude flow vectors.
Thus, the loop could set up either a current to raise the field strength to the first allowed value or, with equal probability, a current of equal magnitude flowing in the opposite direction to cancel out the external field.
In flood forecasting, it is very important to know the performance of flow forecasting model in predicting higher magnitude flows.
Aspects of both the regional climate and land use histories are conducive to increasing discharge and sediment flux, but the region wide lowering of erosion thresholds appears a key driver conditioning these sediment-rich conditions and producing a landscape that was more susceptible to erosion under lower magnitude flows.
Hydropower is often generated during high demand periods (e.g., seasonal summer peaking operations), which may be compromised if facilities are forced to spill due to higher magnitude flows or to accommodate earlier arrival of flows.
The relatively low-magnitude flow deliveries did not substantively restore natural fluvial processes of erosion, sediment deposition, and vegetation scour, but did provide wetted surface soils, shallow groundwater, and low soil salinity.
2D-modelling of outburst floods clearly has the potential to revolutionise understanding of high-magnitude spatial and temporal hydraulics and high-magnitude flow phenomena, geomorphological and sedimentological processes, and hence rapid fluvial landscape change.
We found that shear stress induced by laminar flow, but not that by oscillatory or low-magnitude flow, promoted autophagy.
To determine the effects of different types of shear stress on autophagic response in ECs, we treated human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) with laminar flow (12 or 20 dyn/cm), oscillatory flow (±5 dyn/cm at 1 Hz), or low-magnitude flow (4 dyn/cm).
It is active during present sea-level highstand and shows four types of sediment transfer processes: (1) low-density turbidity surges generated by small-scale failures (2) low-magnitude, high-frequency (yearly) hyperpycnal turbid plumes, (3) high-magnitude, less-frequent, hyperpycnal currents and (4) high-magnitude flows generated by large slope failures.
