Sentence examples for magnitude deviation from inspiring English sources

This paper presents a robust adaptive controller integrated with an extended state observer (ESO) to solve coupled spacecraft tracking maneuver in the presence of model uncertainties, external disturbances, actuator uncertainties including magnitude deviation and misalignment, and even actuator saturation.

Adaptive backstepping control combined with a novel dynamic control allocation scheme is developed for attitude tracking control of a rigid spacecraft, in which multiple constraints are simultaneously considered, such as actuator uncertainties including torque magnitude deviation and misalignment, actuator constraints like saturation, external disturbances and even constrained energy consumption.

The Q-value represents the puckering magnitude (deviation from a flat ring), θ describes the type of pucker (chair, half-chair, boat, etc).

The reactive circulating current results from the magnitude deviations of inverter output voltages.

To check the diamagnetic relation field magnitude deviations were compared with values estimated from plasma measurements.

The magnitude of deviation depends on the time when the well is logged.

An arbitrary classification scheme was proposed based on the magnitude of deviation (d) as: additive (⩽10%, class-I) and moderately (10 < d ⩽ 30%, class-II), highly (30 < d ⩽ 50%, class-III) and very highly (>50%, class-IV) antagonistic/synergistic.

where n represents the magnitude of deviation of the electrical response from the ideal condition, and this can be determined from the location of the centre of the semicircles; ω0 is the frequency at the maximum of the semicircle.

Technically, we generate 1,000 replicas of the analysed dataset by perturbing each prediction with an amount of Gaussian noise with a magnitude (standard deviation) depending on the estimated accuracy of the prediction.

Regardless of the magnitude of deviation of the primary root axis from the gravity vector, the newly emerging lateral roots tended to keep a constant angle to the gravity vector.

The advantage of this technique is that the distributions can be examined in terms of over-estimation or under-estimation of expected energy as well as the magnitude of deviation while using a metric that is meaningful in the context of the intended application space.