The credit crisis has made high-grade corporate bonds, which have ratings of AA or AAA, the bonds of choice for all but the most intrepid buyers because the risk of default is still slim.
Tata's other big UK plant, at Port Talbot in south Wales, makes higher grade, speciality steel for use in the booming automotive and aerospace sectors and for high-value consumer packaging.
The blast furnace requires a refluxing unit to make high-grade metal, whereas the electrolytic plant has to include a solution purification stage.
Leica also temporarily neglected its valuable niche making high-grade binoculars.Mr Kaufmann and Mr Lee, both passionate collectors of Leica cameras, started in lock-step but ultimately differed on how the company should face the future.
The timing was perfect: the merged groups, with their expertise in making high-grade steel products, have since prospered from booming car- and ship-building industries at home and, abroad, from a seemingly insatiable appetite for steel in China.
In fact, very few coals by themselves make high-grade blast furnace coke[20].
NK: What made you partner with JFE? SJ: As India's auto industry started to develop, we were looking to make high grade steel for cars.
The focus of the proxy battle and the source of Birmingham's financial woe is the division that makes high-grade bar steel for critical applications like seatbelt bolts and motor shafts.
However, these tiny furnaces proved useless, as they could not generate temperatures high enough to make high-grade steel, and they sucked up so many agricultural and industrial resources that mass starvation resulted.
A HARVARD UNIVERSITY report last spring complained of grade inflation that makes it easier to get high grades.
