The discovery that VW had rigged emissions data was made by testing agencies in the US rather than the UK, even though the VCA is supposed to be among the best of its kind in the world.
For example, Haken, Kelso, and Bunz describe dynamic patterns made by test subjects when asked to oscillate the two index fingers back and forth simultaneously.
Quality controls were made by testing mechanical and thermal stability of vaccine emulsions as described by Canales et al. [ 24].
Charts were also reviewed for International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD-9), codes for coccidioidomycosis (114.0 114.5, 114.9) to identify students in whom the diagnosis was made by testing elsewhere.
To account for that, decisions may be made by testing null hypotheses of vanishing partial correlations or, in a Bayesian approach, using highest posterior density (HPD) intervals for the partial correlations.
Statistical comparisons were made by t-tests or ANOVA with Bonferroni tests, using GraphPad Prism software.
Statistical comparison between groups was made by t test, permutation test, χ2 test, or the Fisher Exact test, when appropriate.
