Sentence examples for macroscopic work from inspiring English sources

Thus, the macroscopic work required to advance the crack is typically much larger than the work needed in the near tip fracture process.

Finally, a new criterion for the determination of the macroyield stress is given as the stress to which the macroscopic work hardening, θa = dσa/dε0, becomes smaller than one third of the macroscopic elastic modulus.

The ability to modify the activity of polymer substrates for subsequent electroless plating is of fundamental importance for both the homogeneous metallization of macroscopic work pieces and the fabrication of advanced nanomaterials.

It is a significant fact that the size of second-phase particles has an important effect on the macroscopic plastic work hardening behavior of metals and their alloys or metal matrix composites.

However, the major drawback for engineering applications is their limited room temperature ductility and toughness due to the localized deformation processes linked to shear banding, where high plastic deformation is accumulated in a very narrow region without contributing to macroscopic deformation, work hardening or yielding.

Katchalsky et al. first exploited these properties to develop devices that converted chemical potential energy into macroscopic mechanical work.

Therefore, possibilities of hub differentiation vary – the possibilities vary widely e.g., comparing disaggregated microscopic models with models of macroscopic scale working with highly aggregated data.

The algorithm is first tested versus exact results for macroscopic moments worked out in the Maxwellian-pseudo-molecules approximation, and then it is applied to the more realistic collision model of hard spheres for both elastic and inelastic encounters.

In this work, macroscopic FE models pertaining to the modeling of the wire-ring net and the spiral cables have been developed and investigated.

This relation opens up a micro-mechanical interpretation allowing one to examine which micro-structural features are responsible for the vanishing of the macroscopic second-order work.

Then a link is established between the macroscopic second-order work on the specimen scale and a discrete local expression that introduces microscopic variables defined on each contact scale.