Sentence examples for macroscopic variables such from inspiring English sources

When Knudsen number is small compared to unity (i.e. Kn ≤ 0.1), the fluid can be treated as a continuous medium and described in terms of the macroscopic variables such as velocity, density, pressure, and temperature.

Macroscopic variables such as speed, flow and density have been used in assessing the performance of pedestrian facilities and these variables constitute the Fundamental Diagrams (FDs) of pedestrian flow.

In a first study on awake cats [6], it was shown that although macroscopic variables such

This method introduces a correction step for the macroscopic flow variables such as the fluid density and velocity to remove their interface discontinuity.

end{aligned} (8 By taking moments of (8), we can derive the evolution equations for the macroscopic PUI variables, such as the number density (n_p = int f d^3c), momentum density (n_p {u_p}_i = int c_i f d^3c), and energy density.

We conjecture from these observations that the statistical measure evolutionary entropy should also characterize macroscopic population variables such as metabolic rate, body size, and life span.

Hence, the macroscopic vehicular modeling (CMVM) was introduced in CAC design in [5] where the macroscopic modeling describes vehicular traffic with aggregate variables such as traffic density, mean speed, etc.

Such models represent the activity of the network by macroscopic variables, e.g. the population-averaged firing rate, which are generally assumed to be deterministic.

Finally, the significance of various macroscopic variables was determined by different types of crash risks using variable importance analysis.

Thirdly, pedestrian fundamental diagrams plays an important role in developing dynamic simulation models by providing equilibrium relationships between macroscopic variables.

The distribution of the macroscopic variables arising from the microstructure, as well as their correlation matrix are studied.