28 (1968) 265], an explicit macroscopic alignment angle formula always exists in terms of bulk Miesowicz viscosities; the theory applies only to nematic (highly concentrated) liquids with low molecular weight and in the weak flow limit [Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52 (1983 34866; Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53 (1984 10311; J. Chem. Phys.
In addition, a simple and explicit formula for optimally determined macroscopic conductivity is derived by solving a nonlinear minimization problem.
Total tumour burden was quantified by measuring with a caliper and estimating the volume of individually excised macroscopic tumours (>1 mm) with the formula: V = a × b × 0.52, where a and b represent the longer and shorter diameter of the tumour, respectively.
As indicated in section 2.2, it was during this period that the phenomenon of isomerism was recognized, and structural formulas were introduced to distinguish substances with the same compositional formula that differ in their macroscopic properties.
Empirical formulae were proposed for the macroscopic strength, densification strain and specific energy absorption at various strain rates.
Dislocation densities calculated using Frank's formula are consistent with the observed macroscopic slip pattern.
Although some chemists thought structural formulas could be understood on a macroscopic basis, others sought to interpret them as representations of microscopic entities called molecules, corresponding to the smallest unit of a compound as an atom was held to be the smallest unit of an element.
It is known that by using induced electric and magnetic dipole moments as the microscopic sources for the macroscopic optical phenomena, both the Fresnel equations and consequently, the Brewster angle formula, can be rigorously reproduced.
Mathematical formulation and derivation of relations and formulas have been done for the three steady-state macroscopic balances.
This formula, containing both the molecular and continuum scale parameters, directly links macroscopic responses of nanotubes to their molecular structures.
